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The box plot, also known as a box-and-whisker plot, was introduced by statistician John W. Tukey.

Tukey first described the box plot in a 1977 publication titled: Exploratory Data Analysis. 

The box plot is a graphical representation of the distribution of a dataset, displaying key statistical measures such as the median, quartiles, and potential outliers. It has since become a widely used tool in data analysis and visualisation, helping to provide a concise summary of the distribution of numerical data.