gridpaper

Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, and philosopher whose groundbreaking work laid the foundation for modern probability theory. Born in Clermont-Ferrand, France, Pascal displayed extraordinary intellectual talent from a young age. By 16, he had published a paper on projective geometry, showcasing his brilliance in mathematics.

Pascal's contributions to probability emerged from correspondence with fellow mathematician Pierre de Fermat, as they sought to solve problems related to gambling and chance. Their collaboration established the mathematical principles that underpin probability theory today.

In addition to mathematics, Pascal invented the Pascaline, one of the first mechanical calculators, and contributed to fluid mechanics, formulating Pascal's law about pressure in fluids. Later in life, he turned his focus to philosophy and theology, writing Pensées, a collection of reflections on religion and human nature.

Though he died young at 39, Pascal's legacy endures in mathematics, science, and philosophy, influencing generations of thinkers and innovators.