The Cartesian coordinate system, also known as the rectangular coordinate system, is named
after the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. The system, which is used
to define the position of a point in space, is based on a set of perpendicular axes. The point
at which the axes intersect is known as the origin.
The Cartesian coordinate system was first introduced by Descartes in his 1637 work "La Géométrie."
In this work, Descartes developed the idea of using a grid system, with an x-axis and a y-axis, to
represent geometric shapes. He also introduced the use of algebraic equations to represent
geometric curves, a concept that is now known as analytic geometry.
Before the advent of the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes were represented using
complex geometric constructions, such as the use of compasses and straight edges. Descartes'
system, however, allowed for the representation of geometric shapes using simple algebraic
equations. This greatly simplified the process of solving geometric problems and made it
possible to apply mathematical concepts to geometric shapes.
The Cartesian coordinate system was not immediately accepted by the mathematical community, but
it gradually gained acceptance over time. By the end of the 17th century, the system was being
used in the solution of geometric problems by mathematicians such as Isaac Newton and Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz. Today, the Cartesian coordinate system is widely used in mathematics, physics,
engineering, and other fields.
In addition to the two-dimensional system using x and y axis, it can also be extended to three
dimensions using x, y and z axis. This three-dimensional system is known as the Cartesian
coordinate system in three dimensions, also known as the rectangular coordinate system. The
point in three-dimensional space can be represented by three coordinates (x, y, z), which
determine the position of the point relative to the origin of the system.
